Wayne St. AP World lecture: End of Slave Trade in Europe‏

Wayne State AP TuneUp Day
April 22, 2008
“End of Slave Trade in Europe”
Dr. Catherine Ash
West Africa speciality
 
*One can note Dr. Eric Foner’s work on African Atlantic Systems trade.
 
1807 England abolished slave trade for English Citizens.
Would take 100 years to impact other countries.
 
Why did it End after 300 Years?
Today’s POV=immoral
 
Three reasons for End of Slave Trade:
1.  Economic    2.  Humanitarian  3.  African resistance
 
ECONOMIC
Sugar #1 reason for Slavery!!
original reason for Europeans to sail around Africa?  GOLD, routes to Indian trade.
 
Need for LABOR after discovery of Caribbean Islands and fact that sugar grows well there.
Profitable–People left sugar properties in their wills.
Labor NEEDED!!
1600’s-1700’s–Coffee, tea becomes fad and part of European diet.  Sugar as sweetner becomes
more profitable$$$$$$$$
 
Br., Fr. Dutch, etc. al businessmen invest in LAND–plantations
Sugar overproduced in 1700’s
Price of Sugar DOWN
Plantation owners (English in Jamaica or in England) in debt….Also, losing influence in Parliament and with bankers who were nervous about Sugar surplus/glut..
 
Also, French, Dutch, Cubans (Spanish) getting better at producing sugar–better tech. systems.
 
British financiers looking at OLD investment (SUGAR) OR Factories–new investment.
What is going to be more profitable for future?  Factories….Industrial Revolution (1750)
Slave Trade=Labor from Africa to Caribbean very EXPENSIVE.
Industrial Revolution could utilize poor British from farms (China, India today?)  Cheaper workers,
cheaper to finance.
 
Also, PALM OIL became an attractive product–lubrication for machines and Soap
Palm Oil needed more than Sugar, also, gum arabic-dyes.
 
African slavery disrupts econ. systems in W. African colonies….
different goods like palm oil, gum arabic make Africa appear as a market for industrial goods, NOT
as a Slave labor pool.
Can sell industrial goods to W. Africa.  Slave Trade a HEADACHE…Thus, slave trade chaotic, Europeans, specifically England, saw palm oil, etc. and market for their industrial goods as an
‘easier’ system…
 
HUMANITARIAN
Change in “Mentality” in Europe–Humanitarian, Enlightenment philosophy moved through
A. Evangelical Dissenters and B. Enlightenment Philosophy.
A.1700’s Slavery viewed as NOT a sin.
But, in England, Quakers, Protestant Dissenters believed enslavement was a SIN!
 
Evangelical movement=dark areas need “help” via GOD.
Saw English alleys filled with poor and Africa needing Christ, God, Christianity, missionary work
 
**An aside from Maunu–
Were slaves also seen as labor competition for Dissenters?  Thus, another reason to end slavery.
I asked Dr. Ash and she thought it was interesting point, but had no evidence for this….
Said she was going to look into it.
 
Prot. Evangelicalism was a grass roots movement moved through town hall and church meetings.
 
B. Enlightenment philosophy
 
Philosophy discussed at elite intellectual level in late 18th century.
2 Rev=British American Rev. (1776-1780’s) and French Rev. (1789-1790’s)
Dec. of Independence–”all MEN created equal.”
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
“Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen”
 
In summary of first 2 views, Econ. and Humanitarian, both are EURO-centric Points of View.
 
AFRICAN RESISTANCE
 
African pov=Africans always resisted slavery
1700-1890’s slave resistance became large scale.
 
Freed slaves in England involving themselves in Church Evangelical movements=
Equiano (Gustava Vassa) who argued that Africa would be improved with Christianity and alternative economies like palm oil trade…and English investment and trade.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaudah_Equiano
and
Cugoano who wanted English govt. to use English navy to block slave trade out of Africa.
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quobna_Ottobah_Cugoano
Fredrick Douglas would be comparison to Equiano and Cuguano.
 
French Haiti-San Domingue was largest sugar producing area in WORLD.
400,000 slaves was largest concentration of slaves on globe
 
Independent Black Republic developed using French Rev. ideals–Toussaint Louverture…
Scared Europeans-may have slowed down reforms to end slavery..
http://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Toussaint_Louverture
 
**Maunu aside–why no American statues as to 6′6″ slave leader who led revolution in Haiti?
Ended Napoleon’s vision of controlling Western United States…Democratic hero?
No, a black man who overthrew white men….Bad…
 
Jamaica–British sugar
Massive revolts across plantations.  Plantation owners nervous, bankers nervous about investing.
 
British 1807 slavery illegal for Br. citizens–Does NOT end slavery.
 
Denmark was 1st country to abolish African slavery in Atlantic World.
US-1808, Holland 1814 follow–of course, Virginia becomes slave breeding state at this time.
Spain and Port. only trade slaves south of Equator.
 
East African coast sees slave trade increase.
 
Brazil 1830 outlaws African slavery.
 
Consequences:
1. New states–Freetown, Sierra Leone (Libesville?) and Liberia, Gabon
2.  Slave trade gradually ends in Africa, but prices of slaves go up in Africa
3.  Legitimate Trade (rubber, gum arabic, palm oil)-commercial relationship between Europe
and Africa changes–
Europe will “go into” or penetrate Africa, not just stay on coast.
COLONIAL CONQUEST begins–Europeans take over “African states.”
Change over Time (COT) Economic exchange now adds POLITICAL CONTROL-Imperialism
 
Berlin Conference 1884 calms down “war” tension due to heated colonial African competition.
Trade rules defined.
 
Palm oil lucrative in Nigeria.  Stanley will go into Congo, Gabon…
 
East Africa slave trade will impact Indian Ocean Trade.
 
Where did E. African slaves go?–Swahili Coast
1. Swahili Coast—–cloves, spices, nutmeg
2.  Mauritius-Islands off coast of East Africa–French will occupy after losing San Domingue-SUGAR
3.  Brazil becomes more desirable–Brazil and Cuba last areas to outlaw slavery

Unit 3-4

AP World history students–Look at first map carefully on “Trade in Silver and
other Commodities, 1650-1750.”   This is the first document on your next
DBQ.
Mr. M

 

http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/worlds/ch4/maps.htm

Nationalism Lesson Plan

NATIONALISM LESSON PLAN:
 
http://www.csulb.edu/~ssayeghc/nationalism/guide.html
 
AP Students,
Above is the website to Dr. Sharlene Sayegh’s (California State University) 2008 World History
Association award winning lesson plan.  We are going to work our way through this lesson this
spring.  Take a look at it and become familiar with the sources, readings and plan.

Lincoln’s Jewish Chaplains/NUCLEAR Waste and Somali Pirates‏

Lincoln’s fight for Jewish chaplains   By Michael Feldberg
Unknown to many, the celebrated president was also a champion of
religious liberty for all
http://www.jewishworldreview.com/jewish/history11.php3
 
http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2008/10/2008109174223218644.html
Nuclear Waste and Somali pirates–al Jazeera POV
http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2005-02/2005-02-23-voa23.cfm
No, nuke waste washed up on Somali shores after Asian tsunami…
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/johann-hari/you-are-being-lied-to-abo_b_155147.html
No, Johann Hari says nuclear waste and Somalia story is a lie….
http://current.com/items/89693421/nuclear_waste_and_the_truth_about_somali_pirates.htm
Gee, who’s a bloke to believe???

Somali Pirate POV by Somali rapper K’Naan–2nd post: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTxJLlQCe4U&feature=related

Somalian pirates POV via K’Naan Somali rapper‏

AP world history colleagues and friends,
 
Note link from one of my AP Euro. students….Somali Rapper
K’Naan defending Somali pirates, er, eco defenders….
K’Naan and I are tight, yo…
“One Man’s Terrorist is another Man’s Freedom Fighter…”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTxJLlQCe4U&feature=related

Maunu TV Extra Credit: Feb. 16-21

Maunu TV Extra Credit: Feb. 16-21

Mon. 2/16
10:00 pm-11:00 pm, Ch. 56 no cable, PBS, 6 Comcast, 3 Wow, “Simon Schama’s Rough Crossings:
Sierra Leone, AFRICA”–Double extra credit!!
Repeated on Saturday—9:30, 24 Com, and 8 Wow…..See below…:)

6:00-7:00 pm, Hist. Ch., 32 Com, 47 Wow, The Presidents–”1977 to Present”

Tues. 2/17
6:00-7:00 pm, Hist. Ch. 32 com, 47 Wow, Modern Marvels, “Barbarian Technology”
8:00-10:00 pm, NGEO 109 Com, 69 Wow, Building the Great Wall and The Real Dragon Emperor-2 programs
9:00-10:00 pm, Hist. Ch. “How the Earth Was Made”
8:00-8:30 pm, Ch. 9 Wow, 99 Com, Canadian CBC, “Rick Mercer” Canadian political humor

Wed. 2/18
9:00-11:00 pm, Wow 3 and 8 PBS, 6 com, American Masters “Jerome Robbins: American Dance”
8:00-10:00 pm, TCM cable, 66 Com, 41 Wow, 1937 film, “The Life of Emile Zola” essayist in France 19th century

Th. 2/19
6:00-7:00 pm, Hist. Ch., Weird Weapons, “The Axis”

Fri. 2/20
8:00-9:00 pm, CTN/D, 296 Com, 44 Wow, Catholic News Network—”World News” (Note “Word” channel
is Protestant based with Black fundamentalist Prot. ministers–294 Com, 373 Wow…
5:30-8:00 pm, TCM, 66 Com, 41 Wow, 1941 film, “Sergeant York,” WW I pacifist becomes WW I hero–ah,
POV—Propaganda for WW II–note dates

Sat. 2/21
2:30-6:00 pm, AMC, 46, 34, 27 Comcast? 36 Wow, 2003 Film, “The Last Samurai—” Japan in mid 19th century
Japan industrializes and moves military to the West, ie., old fashioned Samurai OUT!!
5:30-8:00 pm, TCM, Ch. 66 Comcast, 41 Wow, 1989 film, “Glory,” Black regiment in Civil War…starring
Matthew Broderick—historically, Pretty accurate….
noon-1:00 pm, Hist. Ch., 32 Com, 47 Wow, “Discoveries”
1:00-2:00 pm, Hist. Ch., “Cities”
9:30-11:00 pm, PBS 28, 24 Comcast, 8 Wow, “Simon Schama’s Rough Crossings–Sierra Leone”
Double Extra Credit
8:00-10:00 pm, Hist. Ch. “Time Machine: Hell-The Devil’s Domain–an in-depth history of Hades”
7:00-8:00 pm, Hist. Ch., Modern Marvels, “George Washington”
8:00-8:30 pm, CBC Ch. 99 Com, 9 Wow, Rick Mercer Canadian political humor–POV galore

Iconoclasm debate–Images and Religous controversy in World History‏

AP World students:
Note these sites as to our “Iconoclasm” assignment which will link
to “Images” and religious controversies in World History…..ie., Bishop Williamson
and Pope Benedict example, opus dei example and others…
Mr. M

http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/church_history/barrow_iconoclastic_crisis.htm

http://www.metmuseum.org/TOAH/hd/icon/hd_icon.htm

http://www.fray.ca/pedantry/icon.html

http://www.neobyzantine.org/orthodoxy/history/controversy_iconoclastic.php
Interesting neobyzantine site on Iconoclasm controversy

TV Extra Credit (Feb 1-7)

Sunday, Today–Feb. 1
7:00-8:00 pm, PBS 28, 24 Comcast, 8 Wow, Globe Trekker, “Kenya and Niger”
6:00-9:00 pm, Disc. 25 or 42 Comcast, 48 Wow, “Jesus:  The Complete Story,”  3 Extra Credits, 3 pts.
8:00-10:00 pm, Hist. Ch., 32 (or 43, 53) Comcast, 47 Wow, “God vs. Satan–Religious points of view
about Armageddon.

Mon. Feb. 2
8:00-midnight, BET (62,51, or 59 Comcast) 58 Wow, 1992 Film, “Malcolm X“

Tues. Feb. 3
8:00-9:00 pm, PBS 56, Comcast 6, Wow 3, Nova, “The Spy Factory”
9:00-10:00 pm, PBS 28, 24 Comcast, 8 Wow, Nova, “The Spy Factory”
6:00-7:00 pm, Hist. Ch. 43, 53, 32 Comcast, Wow 47, Ancient Discoveries, “Seige of Troy”

Fri. Feb. 6
9:00-11:00 pm, Life, 62,61 or52 Comcast, 27 Wow, 2002 film, “The Rosa Parks Story“
Welcome to Cold War Context:
2 Films on TCM, Ch. 66 comcast, 41 Wow, 1950 film, Seven Days to Noon–(nuclear warhead) 8:00-9:30 pm
AND, 9:45-11:30 pm, “Dr. Strangelove or:  How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb”

Sat. Feb. 7
2 POV on Cleopatra–early Sat. films
5:30 am-7:30 am, 1946 film, “Caesar and Cleopatra“  TCM Ch. 66 comcast, 41 Wow
7:45 am-noon, 1963 film, “Cleopatra” starring Elizabeth Taylor
12:45 pm-4:00 pm, AMC, 46, 34, or 27 Comcast, 36 Wow, 1970 film, “Tora, Tora, Tora,”  Japanese 1941
attack on Pearl Harbor from Japanese and American points of view
4:00-8:00 pm, TCM, Ch. 66 com, 41 Wow, 1962 film, “Lawrence of Arabia,” Col. Lawrence of British army
allies Bedhouin Arabs against Turks in WW I Arabia–lot’s of sand, have beverages to hydrate…and of
course this whole film is setting stage for collapse of Ottoman Empire after 1918….
9:00-11:00 pm, PBS 28, 24 Com, 8 Wow, “Unforgivable Blackness:   The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson“
No white guy could beat this black Heavyweight Boxing champion, but the white power structure
did knock him out…..early 20th century American history.